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Table 2

Summary of comparative studies.

Study Sample Comparison Procedures Main results
Del Coso, Brito Souza, Campo, Blanco-Pita, & Resta (2020) 592 match observations of 2 teams in the Spanish La Liga for the 2010–2011 to 2017–2018 seasons ● Team performance: Team ranking Collected by Media Coach ● Greater shooting accuracy, lower conceded number of shots and corners best differentiated the best from second best team in the season
Delgado-Bordonau, Domenech Monforte, Guzmán Luján, & Méndez Villanueva (2013) 54 matches in the FIFA World Cup 2010 ● Team performance: Team ranking Collected by FIFA ● Across group and knockout stages, shots on goal and shot conversion rates were consistent indicators of team success
Evangelos, Aristotelis, Ioannis, Stergios, & Foteini (2014) 64 matches in the EPL, Bundesliga, La Liga, and Ligue 1 for the 2013–2014 season ● Team performance: Match outcome Hand notation by researchers ● In games with clear result (> 3 goals difference), winning teams demonstrated a greater frequency of aerial duels, overall duels, ball possession, overall passes, opponent-half passing accuracy, overall shots, shot accuracy, on-target shots, short distance, long distance shots and corners
Konefał et al. (2018) 24 teams in 36 matches played in the European Championships 2016 group stage ● Team performance: Match outcome Collected by OPTA Sportsdata ● Shots on target and shots from inside penalty area were closely related to outcome of the match
● Greater possession, crosses, passes, and short pass frequency when team is trying to overcome an unfavourable score (losing or drawing)
Liu, Gómez et al. (2016) 409 outfielders in 380 matches of the Spanish La Liga for the 2012–2013 season ● Team performance: Team ranking Collected by OPTA Sportsdata ● Significantly higher frequencies of assists, passes, pass accuracy, through balls, shots on target, touches, dribbles by players from Top 3 teams in league
● Profiles differed across playing position, and also differed between players from strong or weak teams for the same playing position
● Contextual variables such as strength of own team and opposition influenced match action profiles, and had a stronger effect than match location or outcome
Liu, Yi et al. (2015) 992 match observations in 496 matches played in the UEFA Champions League from the 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 season ● Team performance: Team ranking Collected by OPTA Sportsdata ● Match actions related to scoring, attacking and defending could significantly distinguish teams of different strengths
● Team match action profiles varied when facing different levels of opposition, specifically match actions such as shots, shots on target, open play shots, possession, aerial success and fouls
● Across teams of different strengths, match actions profiles differed in relation to match outcome and match location
Oberstone (2010) 37 goalkeepers in 380 matches played in the English Premier League for the 2007–2008 season ● Individual performance: Player ranking Collected by Opta Sportsdata ● Frequency of shots conceded inside and outside the bxox, punches, short passes, clean sheets, and goals allowed were match actions statistically significant in predicting a goalkeeper’s performance
Rampinini et al. (2009) 186 outfielders in 416 matches played in the Italian Serie A for the 2004–2005 season ● Team performance: Team ranking Collected by SICS ● Top ranked teams performed more ball involvements, short passes, successful short passes, tackles, dribbling, shots, and shots on target
Seaton & Campos (2011) 4 goalkeepers in 40 matches played in various division of Spanish football ● Individual performance: Membership to team of different strengths Hand notation by researchers ● Type of distribution, intended area of distribution, and distribution success differed significantly across goalkeepers of different playing levels
Serrano et al. (2019) 127 goalkeepers in 3874 matches in the Spanish La Liga for the 2011–2012 to 2016–2017 seasons ● Individual performance: Membership to team of different strengths Collected by Media Coach ● Goalkeepers from lower ranked teams performed more passes and saves but had lower percentage of successful passes
Varley et al. (2017) 380 players in 52 matches played in Al Kass International Cup 2015 and 2015 ● Team performance: Team ranking Collected by Prozone Sports ● Top ranked teams demonstrated greater absolute and relative number of shots and shots on target, and greater relative number of tackles compared to bottom ranked teams
Absolute number of shots, shots on target, shot conversion, and passing accuracy was lowest when middle and bottom ranked teams played top ranked teams
Yang et al. (2018) 240 matches in the Chinese Super League for the 2014 season ● Team performance: Team ranking Collected by AMISCO ● Percentage of possession, possession in opponent’s half, entries into final third and penalty area, 50-50 challenges and fouls committed differentiated teams of different ranking
● Time of possession was associated with likelihood of winning
Yi et al. (2019) 1536 match observations in 768 matches of the UEFA Champions League from the 2009–2010 to 2016–2017 season ● Team performance: Qualification Collected by OPTA Sportsdata ● Teams that qualified past group stage demonstrated more stable match action profile related to goal scoring, attacking, and passing match actions
● Teams that failed to qualify demonstrated more stable match action profile related to defensive match actions
Yue, Broich, & Mester (2014) 50 matches in the Bundesliga for the 2011–2012 season ● Team performance: Match outcome Collected by Opta Sportsdata ● Greater goal efficiency (goals to opportunity ratio) best differentiated winning teams, followed by total shots, passes and touches

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